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Strong Democracy
''Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age'' by Benjamin R. Barber was published by the University of California Press in 1984 and republished in a twentieth anniversary edition in 2004. A classic of democratic theory, the book argues that representative or "thin" democracy is rooted in an individualistic "rights" perspective that diminishes the role of citizens in democratic governance. The work offers a theoretical critique of representative or liberal democracy and a foundation for participatory politics. The final chapter elucidates practical ways to apply the theory of strong democracy in large industrial societies.
Strong democracy is also discussed in ''The Local Politics of Global Sustainability'' by Herman Daly, Thomas Prugh and Robert Costanza (2000), and is defined as "Politics understood as the creation of a vision that can respond to and change with the changing world."〔''The Local Politics of Global Sustainability'' by Herman Daly, Thomas Prugh and Robert Costanza (2000), p. 11〕 The authors go on to describe strong democracy thus:
:In a strong democracy, people –citizens – govern themselves to the greatest extent possible rather than delegate their power and responsibility to representatives acting in their names. Strong democracy does not mean politics as a way of life, as an all-consuming job, game, and avocation, as it is for so many professional politicians. But it does mean politics (citizenship) as a way of living: an expected element of one’s life. It is a prominent and natural role, such as that of “parent” or “neighbor”.〔''The Local Politics of Global Sustainability'' by Herman Daly, Thomas Prugh and Robert Costanza (2000), p. 112〕
==Background==
Advocates for strengthening democratic institutions and practices in the United States were convened beginning in 2008 under the title of Strengthening Our Nation’s Democracy (SOND).〔Stuart Comstock-Gay and Joe Goldman. "More than the Vote" in the American Prospect. December 12, 2008. http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=more_than_the_vote〕 The convenings brought together advocates of electoral reform, campaign finance reform, civic engagement, deliberative democracy, open government, civil rights, collaborative governance, media reform, service and immigrant civic inclusion to identify how they could better collaborate with one another.〔Stuart Comstock-Gay and Joe Goldman. "Civic Engagement and the New Agenda for Democratic Reform" in the National Civic Review, Volume 98, Issue 2, Summer 2009. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ncr.254/abstract〕 Among the convening organizations of Strengthening Our Nation's Democracy were (AmericaSpeaks ), (Demos ), (Everyday Democracy ), and faculty from Harvard's Ash Center for Democratic Innovation and Governance. As a result of the convenings, the groups formed a coalition called the (Campaign for Stronger Democracy ).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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